Bibliography

1) Andrea Edmundson, Globalized E-Learning Cultural Challenges, (Information Science Publishing, 2007)

2) David Gauntlett, “Glossary”. In David Gauntlett (ed), Web Studies, (London:Arnold, 2000)

3) Henry Kressel, Competing for the future, (Cambridge University Press, 2007)

4) Jean- Noel Jeanneney, Google and the Myths of Universal Knowledge, (The University of Chicago Press, 2006)

5) Manuel Castells, The Digital Divide in a Global Perspective in The Internet Galaxy, (Oxford: Oxford University Press)

6) Mike Holderness, “Who are the World’s Information-Poor?” in Brian D. Loader (ed), Cyberspace Divide: Equality, Agency and Policy in the Information Society, 1998

7) Pippa Norris, Digital Divide, (Cambridge University Press), 2001

8) The Digital Divide Network http://www.digitaldividenetwork.org/
Retrieved on 23rd October 2007

9) THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S CHILDREN 2005, THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN CHINA, http://www.unicef.org/china/media_1164.html

10) International telecommunications Union: http://www.itu.int/partners/flash/index.html







Comment about why I think those items might be useful

1) It is useful because it helps us in understanding the E-learning situation in Lesser- Developed Countries, like some Asian countries. And this looks easy to understand. The language or terms it used is quite simple.

2) It helps me to understand the specific terms used in the internet. It shows that there are quite a lot to learn for new users or even current users.

3) It talks about how digital innovations are changing the world. It also mentions the role of the government, like what they do to help further develop the digital industry.

4) It analyzes different approach of different countries towards digitization. It helps us in understanding the recent development of the digital industry.

5) It is helpful in defining the meaning of ‘digital divide’. It also examines the digital divide in a global perspective and illustrates the ideas by US data which is a good statistical source that has analyzed differential access to the internet since 1995.

6) It provides information about the poor who suffered from digital divide which I think is useful for my final paper because I am going to analyze the situation of the poor in depth.

7) It proved the relationship between economic development and the digital divide is strong.

8) The Digital Divide Network is the Internet's largest community for educators, activists, policy makers and concerned citizens working to bridge the digital divide. At DDN, you can share documents and have discussions with others.

9) Unicef always provide reliable source. And this article helps us to understand more about the digital divide in China.>

10) There is an interactive map which provides us different countries’ profile which is convenient for us to find data in order to make comparison.













Links to websites relevant to Digital Divide

Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox, November 20, 2006: Digital Divide: The Three Stages: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/digital-divide.html

The Digital Divide Network, a project of Taking IT Global: http://www.digitaldividenetwork.org/

Sites for 2004 figures on the digital divide:
http://www.itu.int/wsis/tunis/newsroom/stats/

Interactive map – figures from 2003: http://www.itu.int/partners/flash/index.html

World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS): http://www.itu.int/wsis/tunis/newsroom/stats/

Bridging the Digital Divide
A Vision to a Digital Inclusive Society: http://www.sinchungkai.org.hk/demo/eng/scks_publication/policy_paper/Digital_divide.pdf

Internet World Stats: http://www.internetworldstats.com/
UNICEF: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/china_33546.html,
http://www.unicef.org/china/media_1164.html


Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide









1) Key quote:
Internet users in China have increased from 620,000 in 1997 to over 87 million today, making the country second only to the United States in Internet connections. But this massive expansion has been uneven; so that the country’s six most developed administrative units have 50% of these connections, while the six poorest account for less than 1%. It has also been estimated that the over 60% of the total Chinese population living in predominantly rural areas has access to only 0.8 % of total Internet connections.

(Author’s name: Unicef , Web address: http://www.unicef.org/china/media_1164.html retrieved on 26th October 2007 )



2) Key quote: The term digital divide refers to the gap between those with regular, effective access to digital and information technology, and those without it.

(Author’s name: Unknown, Web address: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide retrieved on 26th October 2007)


3) Key quote:A digital system is one that uses discrete values (often electrical voltages), representing numbers or non-numeric symbols such as letters or icons, for input, processing, transmission, storage, or display, rather than a continuous range of values.

(Author’s name: Unknown, Web address: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital retrieved on 26th October 2007)


4) Key quote: There are still 30 countries with an Internet penetration of less than 1%.
(Author’s name: ITU World Telecommunication, Web address: http://www.itu.int/wsis/tunis/newsroom/stats/ retrieved on 26th October 2007)


5) Key quote: Almost 40% of the population has lower literacy skills, and yet few websites follow the guidelines for writing for low-literacy users.

(Author’s name: Jakob Nielsen, publication details: written on November 20, 2006,Web address: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/digital-divide.html retrieved on 26th October 2007)